The crown and sidewall are formed by the same ply structure.

The tread is subjected to any flexing which occurs and this causes :

• deformation of the tyre contact area on the ground
• friction with the ground

The casing plies tend to “scissor” in relation to each other.

As a result, there is :
• Accelerated wear
• Poor grip
• High fuel consumption
• Fair road holding
• High heat built up
• Prone to crown punctures

The sidewall and tread areas function separately.

The tread is unaffected by the flexing of the sidewalls, so there is :

• less deformation of the tyre contact area on the ground
• less friction with the ground

There is no movement between casing plies.

Advantages :

• Longer tyre life
• Excellent grip
• Reduced braking distances
• Even ground pressure over the whole contact area. This provides excellent flotation.
• Lower fuel consumption
• Smoother and better road holding
• Cool running : giving added safety
• Excellent protection against punctures